Tennessee Cosmetology Practice Exam

What is the function of the hair's cuticle layer?

1. To add color to the hair

2. To protect the inner layers from damage

3. To store moisture

4. To produce hair oil

The correct answer is: To protect the inner layers from damage

The cuticle layer of the hair serves as a critical protective barrier for the inner layers, which include the cortex and medulla. This outermost layer consists of overlapping, scale-like cells that help shield the hair shaft from environmental factors such as heat, chemicals, and physical wear. By providing this protective function, the cuticle aids in maintaining the overall health and integrity of the hair, preventing damage and potential breakage that could arise from external aggressors. The other functions listed in the options are not roles of the cuticle. For instance, hair color is determined by pigments found within the cortex rather than the cuticle. While moisture retention can be influenced by hair care products and conditioning treatments, it is not a direct function of the cuticle. Similarly, the production of natural oils that help condition the hair primarily occurs at the level of the sebaceous glands, not within the cuticle structure itself. Thus, understanding the protective role of the cuticle is essential for maintaining healthy hair.